![]() OVERVIEW OF DIRECT AIR CAPTURE APPROACHES Manufactured DACĭAC technologies capture and concentrate CO 2 from ambient air. FCEA Working Paper Series: 002.į Greg Dipple, the University of British Columbia. Forum for Climate Engineering Assessment Working Paper Series. Putting Costs of Direct Air Capture in Context. Solid sorbent system coupled with a temperature swing to release captured CO 2Ĭhemical solvent-based system using potassium hydroxideĮlectrostatic absorption on a porous plastic bead with regeneration using a humidity swing processĪ process that involves rapid mineralization of CO 2 at the Earth’s surfaceįormation of mineral carbonates through a reaction of mineral cations with atmospheric CO 2 resulting in a permanent form of CO 2 storageīicarbonate (HCO 3 -) formation from calcium- and/or magnesium-containing mineralsĮ Ishimoto, Y., et al. TABLE 1: Approaches to Direct Air Capture ApproachĬhemical scrubbing processes that capture CO 2 from a concentrated gas stream and sequestrationĬhemical scrubbing processes that capture CO 2 through absorption or adsorption separation processesĬarbon capture using amine sorbents with a temperature swing for regeneration Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration. ![]() This information-gathering workshop did not consider carbon utilization pathways in detail or other cross-cutting issues such as specific policy incentives or management.ġ National Research Council (NRC). The committee then held a workshop on October 24, 2017, in Irvine, CA, to examine the scientific questions relevant to developing a research and development plan for DAC moving forward, and to assess co-benefits, costs, and barriers to implementation of this technology at significant scales. Panelists described technological readiness, current research needs, and potential environmental impacts of DAC. On October 5, 2017, the committee conducted a webinar-based panel discussion that explored the limitations, appropriate scale, and future costs (both capital and energy) of DAC technologies. Conventional carbon capture and sequestration (CCS), though comparable to DAC in the use of similar separation technologies, captures CO 2 from a concentrated gas stream (such as flue gas from coal-fired power plants) and sequesters it. When combined with reliable sequestration of the captured CO 2, direct air capture and sequestration (DACS) has the potential to become a negative emission technology. DAC can also refer to the process that involves rapid mineralization of CO 2 at the Earth’s surface, termed mineral carbonation. These technologies can include chemical scrubbing processes that capture CO 2 through absorption or adsorption separation processes. Each approach is being examined by the committee through a series of information-gathering workshops and webinars.ĭirect air capture (DAC) refers to a range of technologies that capture and concentrate carbon dioxide (CO 2) from ambient air. ![]() The CDR approaches under consideration by the committee are: coastal and land ecosystem management, accelerated weathering, bioenergy with capture, direct air capture, and geologic sequestration. The Committee on Developing a Research Agenda for Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration has been convened to develop a detailed research and development agenda needed to assess the benefits, risks, and sustainable scale potential for carbon dioxide removal and sequestration approaches, and increase their commercial viability. Many of the pathways that lead to these lower thresholds could only be accomplished with net negative carbon emissions to the atmosphere. ![]() These approaches have been garnering increased attention as the international community has identified lower thresholds for global temperature increases. Direct Air Capture and Mineral Carbonation Approaches for Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable SequestrationĬarbon dioxide removal (CDR) techniques that aim to remove and sequester excess carbon from the atmosphere have been identified as an important part of the portfolio of responses to climate change.
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